Hang Tuah Medical Journal

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rhizophora mucronata Leaves on Shigella dysenteriaei

2025-11-17T05:44:08+00:00

Shigella dysenteriae is the most common cause of diarrhea in cases of shigellosis. This bacterium can invade the epithelium of the large intestine, ileum, and rectum, causing diarrhea accompanied by blood and mucus. Effective antibiotic therapy for this disease has shown resistance. The mangrove Rhizophora mucronata contains various secondary metabolites that have the potential to be new antibacterial alternatives. This study is an in vitro laboratory study to determine the inhibitory effect of Rhizophora mucronata leaf extract on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria. The study used the Kirby-Bauer drop diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton Agar medium and a digital caliper to measure the diameter of the inhibition zone. Twenty-four samples were divided into six groups: negative control (bacterial culture treated with distilled water); treatment groups (Kp) (treated with extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%); and positive control (treated with ciprofloxacin 5 mcg). Results: The negative control group and all treatment groups had an average inhibition zone of 6.00 mm or no inhibition zone, while the positive control group had an average of 25.845 mm. The Kruskal-Wallis test (p=0.0001) showed significant differences among the tested groups, and the post hoc test (p=0.014) indicated significant differences between the positive control group and all other groups. The leaf extract of Rhizophora mucronata was not found to have inhibitory activity against the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.-

Submaximal Exercise in Hyperbaric-Hyperoxia and Ejection Fraction Change in Healthy Subjects

2025-11-24T14:10:31+00:00

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. An important parameter in assessing left ventricular function is the ejection fraction (EF), which reflects the heart's ability to effectively pump blood into the systemic circulation. In recent decades, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has attracted attention as a non-pharmacological adjunct modality in the management of ischemic heart disease. The type of research is a true experimental research design with a randomized control group pretest - posttest with a sampling technique used is simple random sampling. The population in this study were 30 soldiers from the Surabaya Marine Corps Health Corps. In this experiment in both groups, the results obtained were p<0.05, which means that there is a difference in the pre and post results. When performing submaximal exercise in a hyperbaric-hyperoxic environment, cardiovascular adaptations occur, namely changes in afterload, preload, and myocardial oxygenation. Increased PaO₂ and dissolved oxygen can increase in stroke volume so that LVEF can appear to increase depending on the patient's baseline status. The conclusion of this study shows that submaximal exercise in hyperbaric-hyperoxy conditions provides better results and can even provide results that show normal results.

Profile of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Value in Adult Tuberculosis Patients at Waled Hospital Period 2022-2023

2025-08-14T00:51:09+00:00

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious illness directly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primarily, they impact the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), but they can also include other bodily organs (extrapulmonary tuberculosis). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test is a standard blood examination. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate measures the sedimentation velocity of erythrocytes in unclotted blood, expressed in mm/hour. During acute inflammation and infections, both acute and chronic, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) may rise over its usual range. Objective: To acquire a comprehensive understanding of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in adult tuberculosis patients throughout Cirebon Regency. Methods: This study is a descriptive observational analysis carried out at Waled Hospital in Cirebon Regency. A research sample of 148 patients was acquired by complete sampling methodology utilizing secondary data from medical records. The data underwent univariate analysis. Results: Univariate analysis revealed that among 145 tuberculosis patients aged ≥18 years, 85 (58.6%) were male, whereas 60 (41.4%) were female. Out of 145 TB patients, 137 (94.5%) had pulmonary TB, while 8 (5.5%) had extrapulmonary TB. Additionally, 133 patients (91.7%) exhibited an elevation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), with a minimum value of 4 mm/hour and a maximum of 140 mm/hour. Conclusion: Tuberculosis cases in individuals aged 18 years and older are predominantly male, with the highest incidence being pulmonary tuberculosis and an elevation in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).

Patterns of Natural Material Use as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Drugs at Pancasan Community Health Center in 2024

2025-09-26T12:15:30+00:00

Hypertension is one of the main causes of death rates in Indonesia. This condition is characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg. According to WHO, recommended conventional drug therapy includes diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), and long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. A number of studies have shown that several natural ingredients commonly consumed daily have potential as antihypertensives. These natural ingredients include garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey, the proportion of utilization of traditional health efforts in Indonesia was 32,5% and the proportion of utilization of family medicine gardens (TOGA) was 10%. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of use of natural antihypertensive ingredients in hypertensive patients seeking treatment at the Pancasan Community Health Center in December 2024. The research method was cross-sectional descriptive observation with a total of 110 hypertensive patients as respondents. Data was collected through interviews and filling out questionnaires and presented descriptively. The characteristics of the majority of respondents are women with an age range of 41-50 years and the duration of suffering from hypertension is classified as long term. The research results showed that as many as 106 out of 110 patients consumed natural antihypertensive ingredients. The most widely used natural ingredient is cucumber, namely 36.40%, with the most common method of use being direct consumption.

Retrospective Study on the Profile of Ovarian Cysts at RSUD Kota Bogor from 2020 to 2024

2025-09-26T15:15:14+00:00

An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the ovary. There are two types of lesions which are neoplastic and non neoplastic. The formation of ovarian cysts is affected by hormonal imbalances during puberty and menopause. The purpose of this study is to know the characteristics of ovarian cyst patients at RSUD Kota Bogor for the 2020-2024 period. This study used a total sampling method. The subjects of the study were patients with the diagnosis of ovarian cysts based on biopsy and resection and histopathological examinations listed in the medical records of Bogor City Hospital. In this study, 122 medical records of patients with the majority of patients were between the ages of 40-49 (30,3%) and dominated by married women (82,8%). The characteristics of ovarian cysts are found to be benign histopathological criteria (86,9%). The most common non neoplastic (53,3%) ovarian cyst found is endometriosis (50,8%). The most common neoplastic (46,7%) ovarian cyst found is benign teratoma (28,1%). The most common characteristics were found in 40–49 years of age, with marital status, benign histopathological criteria where endometriosis cyst and mature teratoma as the dominant non-neoplastic and neoplastic cyst.

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Skin Cancer Patients at RSPAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya Period January 2021-December 2023

2025-11-12T00:22:09+00:00

Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of skin cancer have also continued to increase in recent decades. In Indonesia, skin cancer is the cancer with the third highest incidence after uterine cancer and breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and risk factors of skin cancer patients at RSPAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya for the period January 2021-December 2023. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with variables in the form of secondary data that has been recorded in the medical records of skin cancer patients at RSPAL dr. Ramelan Surabaya for the period January 2021-December 2023. The data examined were the type of skin cancer, symptoms of skin cancer, location of skin cancer, patient age, and patient gender. The most characteristic type of skin cancer is Basal Cell Carcinoma in 51 cases. The most characteristic symptom of skin cancer was the formation of new moles/bumps in 67 cases. The characteristic of the location of skin cancer is mostly on the head in 69 cases. The age characteristics of cancer patients were most common in elderly patients at 56 cases. The sex characteristics of skin cancer patients were mostly female at 51 cases. The occupational characteristics of skin cancer patients were mostly indoor workers at 86 cases. Most cases were of the BCC type, with the most common symptom being the formation of new moles.

The Correlation Between Personal Hygiene Practices and Vaginal Discharge Among Female Adolescents at SMA Budi Mulia, Central Jakarta

2025-09-26T15:12:56+00:00

The issue of vaginal discharge among adolescent girls is a significant concern in tropical dan humid countries like Indonesia. Approximately 45% of women in Indonesia experience reccurent vaginal discharge yet, several adolescents still perceive it as a normal condition. This research intends to investigate the connection between hygiene practices and occurrences of vaginal discharge among female students at Budi Mulia Senior High School in Central Jakarta. This analysis adopted a cross-sectional design use an observational approach, involving 146 female respondents, and was conducted from January to February 2025. Data collection utilized a questionnaire and chi-square analysis, revealing that 58,2% maintained excellent personal hygiene, while 50% experienced pathological vaginal discharge. The research indicated a strong link between hygiene practices and vaginal discharge incidence, with a p-value of 0,016.

The Relationship Between Knowledge Levels About Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Results in Adult Women

2025-02-27T08:11:40+00:00

Cervical cancer can arise from a persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), which can be avoided through early detection by pap smear screening. Having adequate knowledge about cervical cancer is crucial for encouraging participation in pap smear tests, which can detect non-cancerous or precancerous changes before they progress. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study aimed to assess knowledge levels about cervical cancer and their correlation with pap smear results among women of reproductive age in Jakarta, Bogor, and Bekasi (23–50 years). A total of 133 participants underwent a structured questionnaire for assessing knowledge and a pap smear test for evaluating cervical health. The pap smear results showed that 80% were normal, 6% had atypical cells without malignancy, and 14% showed inflammatory lesions. A Chi-square test revealed a significant association between knowledge levels and pap smear outcomes. These findings provide valuable insights for healthcare stakeholders to develop effective health promotion strategies that increase pap smear coverage and encourage early detection of cervical cancer.

Management of Non-Thrombotic Intradialytic Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2025-11-12T05:30:52+00:00

Management of intradialytic nonthrombotic complications in patients with chronic kidney disease is an essential aspect of hemodialysis care. These complications, such as hypotension, hypertension, DDS, muscle cramps, nausea and itching, can have a significant effect on the patient's well-being. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves the medical team, patient education, and close monitoring during dialysis sessions. Effective protocols, including fluid volume regulation and the proper use of medications, play a crucial role in reducing the frequency and severity of complications. With the right management strategy, it is hoped that the quality of life of patients can be improved, and the morbidity rate associated with intradialytic nonthrombotic complications can be minimised. Further research is needed to optimise clinical practice and enhance the understanding of these complications.

Factors Influencing the Severity of Dengue Infection in Children

2025-11-23T13:33:08+00:00

Dengue infection is one of the significant global health problems, especially in children. This paper aims to identify factors that affect the severity of dengue infection in the child population. The factors analysed included age, infection status, obesity, viral genome and Ns1 protein titers of dengue. Children who are younger and have an obese nutritional status tend to experience more severe symptoms. In addition, high NS1 titers, viral genomes, and secondary infections also contribute to a higher risk of infection. Detecting warning signs is important because it can be used as a predictor of more severe dengue infection.

Metaplasia Myelofibrosis

2025-04-28T05:48:06+00:00

Background: Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is a rare myeloproliferative disorder. Epidemiological data on the incidence of Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia are still lacking. In Goteborg, Sweden, from 1983 to 1992, the incidence of the disease was retrospectively calculated at 0.4 per 100,000 population. In population- based leukemia data in the UK, the incidence of Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia is estimated to be 0.73 per 100,000 person-years in men and 0.40 per 100,000 person-years in women. It is estimated that there are 230 new cases each year in England and Wales, 330 in Italy, and 1,600 in the United States. No medical therapies have been shown to be effective against the overall survival of patients. The prognosis of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia varies widely. For this reason, it is necessary to report cases of Myelofibrosis Myeloid Metaplasia Methode: Descriptive research, in the form of case reports of patients with myelofibrosis metaplasia, with data obtained from primary data anamnesa and direct physical examination of patients and secondary data

from medical records, the results of examinations of doctors at RSPAL Dr Ramelan Surabaya 2022-2024.

Results: Since 13 December 2022 until this date 3 May 2024 (17 months).Patient with a diagnosis of Primary Myelofibrosis and high Uric Acid after undergoing therapy with jakavi 15 mg 1x1. Allopurinol 300mg 1x1 and Nabic 3x1. Experienced improvement in complaints of increased appetite. Resting at night there are no complaints. Activity such as walking is not easily tired, mass in the abdomen that does not cause pain. On physical examination, there was an increase in body weight from 50 kg to 55 kg and still found S IV splenomegaly, from the haematological examination there was a decrease in platelets 136.00 (10^3µL) which was previously 203.00 (10^3µL). Uric acid improved from 10.8 mg/dl to 7.7 mg/dl.

Conclusion: Jakavi is a drug containing ruxolitinib that can treat splenomegaly or disease-related symptoms in adult patients with myelofibrosis.

Keywords: Myelofibrosis Metaplasia.Splenomegaly.Jakavi