Obesitas Anak di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/htmj.v19i1.13Kata Kunci:
obesitas anak, pandemi COVID-19Abstrak
Latar belakang: Angka kejadian obesitas makin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun di seluruh dunia, baik pada orang dewasa maupun anak-anak. Resiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak semakin besar dengan keadaan pandemi yang menharuskan anak-anak mendapatkan pendidikan jarak jauh, membatasi interaksi dan menurunnya aktivitas fisik. Obesitas ini perlu menjadi perhatian khusus karena berkaitan dengan manifestasi klinis dan prognosis COVID-19.
Tujuan: Meningkatkan kesadaran akan resiko kesehatan yang dihadapi anak-anak selama masa pandemi COVID-19, terutama resiko obesitas. Memberikan penjelasan bagaimana obesitas mempengaruhi manifestasi klinis dan prognosis infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Memicu dilakukannya langkah preventif untuk mencegah obesitas dan infeksi SARS-CoV-2 pada anak, juga perhatian khusus terhadap penatalaksanaan pasien COVID-19 dengan obesitas
Metode: Mengumpulkan berbagai artikel terkait yang dipublikasikan, terutama sejak Maret 2020, penelusuran mengenai angka kejadian terkini, juga panduan/kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh organisasi kesehatan terkait dalam masalah ini.
Hasil: Pandemi COVID-19 memperbesar resiko terjadinya obesitas pada anak karena perubahan gaya hidup, terutama yang berkaitan dengan aktifitas fisik dan pola makan. Obesitas dan keadaan nutrisi (sistim pencernaan) anak mempengaruhi sistim respirasi dan sistim imun, sehingga mempengaruhi suseptibilitas dan memperbesar resiko komplikasi COVID-19. Panduan penatalaksanaan obesitas dan COVID-19 pada anak telah tersedia, begitu juga dengan panduan tindakan preventif primer, sekunder dan tersier.
Kesimpulan: Angka kejadian COVID-19 pada anak lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa, meski demikian resiko gangguan kesehatan anak pada masa pandemi COVID-19 ini tetap harus diperhatikan. Salah satunya adalah terjadinya obesitas yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap daya tahan tubuh dan memperbesar resiko komplikasi COVID-19. Tindakan preventif, yang lebih diutamakan daripada kuratif, memerlukan partisipasi orang tua, keluarga, sekolah dan lingkungan sekitar. Selain itu, juga perlu adanya perhatian khusus terhadap penatalaksanaan pasien COVID-19 dengan obesitas.
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