The Relationship Between Hypertension and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Case–Control Study

MADE BAGUS MANIK SATRIA MAHOTTAMA; KADEK SURYA ATMAJA; SRI MASYENI; SAKTIVI HARKITASARI; ADITYA YUDISTIRA

doi:10.30649/htmj.v23i2.896

Authors

MADE BAGUS MANIK SATRIA MAHOTTAMA Medical Education Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Indonesia
KADEK SURYA ATMAJA Universitaas Warmadewa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-9048
SRI MASYENI Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Indonesia
SAKTIVI HARKITASARI Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Indonesia
ADITYA YUDISTIRA Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30649/htmj.v23i2.896

Keywords:

hypertension; acute coronary syndrome; case–control study

Abstract

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular emergency associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is considered an important risk factor, yet local evidence remains essential. Objective: evaluate the relationship between hypertension and ACS occurrence in two referral hospitals in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: A hospital-based case–control study using medical record data was conducted at Karangasem and Tabanan District Hospitals. A total of 176 subjects were included: 88 ACS cases and 88 non-ACS controls. Purposive sampling with age- and sex-matching was applied. Bivariate analysis employed Chi-square test, reporting OR with 95% CI. Results: Most participants were aged >45 years (96.6%) and male (65.9%). Among cases, the most frequent ACS subtype was unstable angina (43.2%), followed by NSTEMI (34.1%) and STEMI (22.7%). The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea (84.1%) and typical chest pain (79.5%). Hypertension was present in 39.8% of cases and 18.2% of controls. Hypertension was significantly related to ACS (p=0.002 OR of 2.97; 95% CI: 1.491–5.923).Conclusion: Hypertension is significantly related to ACS occurrence and increases the odds of ACS by nearly threefold.

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